Komunikasi Politik Di Era Media Digital : Tinjauan Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jpion.v5i1.1042Keywords:
Komunikasi Politik Digital, Media Sosial, Opini PublikAbstract
Perkembangan media digital dan platform media sosial telah mentransformasi secara fundamental praktik dan dinamika komunikasi politik kontemporer. Perubahan ini tidak hanya memengaruhi saluran komunikasi, tetapi juga membentuk ulang strategi retorika, pembentukan opini publik, partisipasi politik, serta relasi antara aktor politik dan warga negara. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan tinjauan literatur komprehensif mengenai komunikasi politik di era media digital dengan mensintesis temuan-temuan teoretis dan empiris dari berbagai konteks global dan Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode tinjauan literatur terhadap artikel jurnal nasional dan internasional bereputasi yang diterbitkan pada periode 2016-2025, dengan fokus analisis empiris pada studi tahun 2020-2025. Analisis dilakukan secara tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola utama, perdebatan konseptual, serta kesenjangan penelitian dalam kajian komunikasi politik digital. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi politik digital ditandai oleh personalisasi pesan, visual storytelling, dan branding emosional yang didorong oleh logika algoritmik platform media sosial. Media digital memiliki dampak ganda, yaitu memperluas partisipasi politik dan responsivitas elite, sekaligus memperkuat polarisasi, echo chambers, dan penyebaran disinformasi. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya kerangka regulasi, literasi digital, dan etika komunikasi politik yang lebih kuat untuk memastikan kontribusi media digital terhadap penguatan demokrasi yang deliberatif dan inklusif.
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